IOCTL-FICLONERANGE(2)

NAME
ioctl_ficlonerange, ioctl_ficlone - share some the data of one file with another file

SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>

int ioctl(int dest_fd, FICLONERANGE, struct file_clone_range *arg);
int ioctl(int dest_fd, FICLONE, int src_fd);

DESCRIPTION
If a filesystem supports files sharing physical storage between multiple files ("reflink"), this ioctl(2) operation can be used to make some of the data in the src_fd file appear in the dest_fd file by sharing the underlying storage, which is faster than making a separate physical copy of the data. Both files must reside within the same filesystem. If a file write should occur to a shared region, the filesystem must ensure that the changes remain private to the file being written. This behavior is commonly referred to as "copy on write".

This ioctl reflinks up to src_length bytes from file descriptor src_fd at offset src_offset into the file dest_fd at offset dest_offset, provided that both are files. If src_length is zero, the ioctl reflinks to the end of the source file. This information is conveyed in a structure of the following form:

    struct file_clone_range {
        __s64 src_fd;
        __u64 src_offset;
        __u64 src_length;
        __u64 dest_offset;
    };

Clones are atomic with regards to concurrent writes, so no locks need to be taken to obtain a consistent cloned copy.

The FICLONE ioctl clones entire files.

RETURN VALUE
On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate the error.

ERRORS
Error codes can be one of, but are not limited to, the following:

EBADF
    src_fd is not open for reading; dest_fd is not open for writing or is open for append-only writes; or the filesystem which src_fd resides on does not support reflink.

EINVAL
    The filesystem does not support reflinking the ranges of the given files. This error can also appear if either file descriptor represents a device, FIFO, or socket. Disk filesystems generally require the offset and length arguments to be aligned to the fundamental block size. XFS and Btrfs do not support overlapping reflink ranges in the same file.

EISDIR
    One of the files is a directory and the filesystem does not support shared regions in directories.

EOPNOTSUPP
    This can appear if the filesystem does not support reflinking either file descriptor, or if either file descriptor refers to special inodes.

EPERM
    dest_fd is immutable.

ETXTBSY
    One of the files is a swap file. Swap files cannot share storage.

EXDEV
    dest_fd and src_fd are not on the same mounted filesystem.

VERSIONS
These ioctl operations first appeared in Linux 4.5. They were previously known as BTRFS_IOC_CLONE and BTRFS_IOC_CLONE_RANGE, and were private to Btrfs.

CONFORMING TO
This API is Linux-specific.

NOTES
Because a copy-on-write operation requires the allocation of new storage, the fallocate(2) operation may unshare shared blocks to guarantee that subsequent writes will not fail because of lack of disk space.

SEE ALSO
ioctl(2)

COLOPHON
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